高原鼠兔干扰对达乌里秦艽繁殖特征的影响

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)通过掘土和采食等行为对高寒草甸产生广泛的影响,从而影响高寒草甸植物的繁殖特征。本研究以高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草甸达乌里秦艽(Gentiana dahurica)为对象,采用野外调查法研究了高原鼠兔干扰对其繁殖特征的影响。结果表明,随着高原鼠兔干扰水平的增大,达乌里秦艽的地上生物量、株高、茎叶比、生殖枝数、营养枝数、花序数、花序生物量和单株种子产量均呈增加态势。干扰水平为Ⅰ(112±32)个·hm-2和Ⅱ(192±48)个·hm-2时,达乌里秦艽所同化的物质主要分配于同化器官叶中,以保证种群的生存;当干扰水平增大到Ⅲ(352±64)个·hm-2和Ⅳ(608±48)个·hm-2时,达乌里秦艽将其所同化的物质更多地分配于生殖生长,形成更多的生殖枝数、花序数和单株种子产量,从而提高了达乌里秦艽的繁殖能力,一定程度上解析了高原鼠兔过度干扰劣化高山嵩草草甸放牧品质的途径。     

不同方法处理对4种野生草种发芽率的影响

试验采用了酸、碱、有机试剂、植物激素、热水浸泡、超声波以及擦破种皮等11种方法对4种野生草种进行处理。结果表明:所有方法处理对马唐的种子萌发均没有显著影响(P0.05);野豌豆种子在擦破种皮处理下,发芽率从1.11%提高到96.67%,达到极显著水平(P0.01),其他处理对野豌豆种子发芽率均无明显影响(P0.05);香附子和稗草种子在20%NaOH的方法处理下,发芽率分别从10%和2.22%提高到86.67%和58.33%,均达到极显著水平(P0.01);此外,1 000mg/L赤霉素浸种处理也可极显著提高香附子种子的发芽率(P0.01)。其他方法处理对香附子和稗草种子发芽率均无明显影响(P0.05)。不同野生草种的休眠特性不同,试验选用的马唐种子无休眠性;野豌豆种子需物理破皮;20%的NaOH和1 000mg/L赤霉素处理可打破香附子种子休眠;20%的NaOH处理能打破稗草种子休眠。     

Protective effect of butylated hydroxylanisole against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic phenolic compound consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds: 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. We examined the effect of BHA against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Cell viability was significantly decreased by H₂O₂ in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, H₂O₂ treatment increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2, and promoted PARP-1 cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with BHA before exposure to H₂O₂ significantly attenuated the H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability. H₂O₂ exposure resulted in an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with BHA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger). H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability was also attenuated by pretreatment with BHA and NAC. Furthermore, H₂O₂-induced increase of Bax, decrease of Bcl-2, and PARP-1 cleavage was also inhibited by BHA. Taken together, results of this investigation demonstrated that BHA protects primary cultured mouse hepatocytes against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation.     

The potential drivers in forming avian biodiversity hotspots in the East Himalaya Mountains of Southwest China

Little has been published to describe or interpret Asian biodiversity hotspots, including those in the East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China (HMSC), thus making necessary a review of the current knowledge. The Pliocene and Pleistocene geological and glacial histories of the Asian continent differ from those of Europe and North America, suggesting different mechanisms of speciation and extinction, and, thus, different responses to climate changes during the Quaternary glaciations. This short review summarizes potential drivers in shaping and maintaining high species richness and endemism of birds in the HMSC. The geographical location at the junction of different biogeographical realms, the wide range of habitats and climates along the extensive elevational range, the complex topography and the distinct geological history of this region have probably contributed to the evolution of an exceptionally species‐rich and endemic‐rich, specialized montane avian fauna. The Mountain systems in the HMSC may have provided refugia where species survived during the glacial periods and barriers for preventing species dispersal after the glacial periods. More studies are required to further test this refugia hypothesis by comparing more cold‐tolerent and warm‐tolerent species.     

转基因植物对环境生态平衡的影响

根据近年来国内外关于转基因植物的研究进展,结合维持生态平衡的3个主要因素,即物种组成、环境因素及信息系统,论述转基因植物对环境生态平衡的影响.     

4种乡土阔叶树种容器苗生长规律及其培育技术研究

选用苦槠、小叶青冈、枫香与木荷4种乡土优良阔叶树种开展容器苗生长规律及其培育技术研究,结果表明,4个树种的苗高、地径生长规律不尽相同,苗高在7-9月呈直线型生长,9-11月生长趋缓;地径则在6- 11月呈均匀直线型生长。由木荷容器苗在设施大棚内、外培育比较知,优良的设施条件主要影响出苗期与幼苗期苗木的生长量。并提出了容器苗生产培育中控制苗木生长的时期和节约培育成本的技术。     

滇南红厚壳的造林技术研究

滇南红厚壳(Calophyllum polyanthum)是藤黄科(Guttifereae)高大乔木，高30～35m，胸径达1．2m。树冠在林中或散生时均呈塔形，树干通直圆满，自然整枝良好，枝下高高，出材率高；木材纹理直，结构较细且均匀，木质软硬适中、强度中等，锯解和旋刨性能极佳，表面平滑光洁，易干燥，不开裂，少变形，油漆后光亮红润，胶     

物种多样性研究进展

根据近期国内外文献，综述了物种多样性的概念、本质、产生、测度方法及研究现状，讨论了物种多样性研究过程中存在的一些问题，解释了那些看似矛盾的研究结论，指出了以后的研究方向。     

几种木兰科树种容器育苗技术

通过对几种木兰科树种容器苗生产技术的阐述，总结生产中取得的经验和存在的问题。以便在以后的生产中推广应用。     

乡土植物在城市绿化中的应用

介绍乡土植物在城市绿地系统中应用的重要性,分析了乡土植物在城市绿地中的生态、景观、经济等方面的作用,认为人类生存必须依附于自然,城市的建设要尽最大可能减少对自然的破坏,增加乡土植物应用的比例,建立健康的生态系统。同时根据植物景观的需要,介绍了部分在城市绿地有应用前景的野生植物类型。